Tucked beneath the eastern coastline of Mallorca, the Cuevas del Drach (Dragon Caves) are one of Spain's most iconic subterranean attractions. Named after the dragons that, according to local legend, once guarded hidden treasure within, these four interconnected caves stretch over 2.4 kilometers and reach depths of 25 meters below the surface. The undeniable highlight is Lake Martel, one of the largest underground lakes in Europe, where visitors are treated to a live classical music concert performed from boats drifting across the still, illuminated water.
History and Discovery
The caves have been known to the people of Mallorca for centuries. Early historical references appear in documents dating back to 1338, though locals likely explored the entrance chambers long before that. The first serious scientific exploration was led by French geologist Edouard-Alfred Martel in 1896, who mapped the extensive cave system and discovered the underground lake that now bears his name.
Martel's expedition revealed the true scale of the caves, which had been previously explored only in part. His detailed surveys showed that the cave system consists of four main chambers: the Black Cave, the White Cave, the Cave of Luis Salvador, and the Cave of the French. Each has its own distinct character and geological features, from towering columns of fused stalactites and stalagmites to delicate curtain formations that seem almost translucent when backlit.
Following Martel's discoveries, the caves were developed for tourism in the early 20th century, with pathways, lighting, and the famous amphitheater installed beside Lake Martel. Today, they receive over a million visitors annually, making them one of the most popular tourist attractions in the Balearic Islands.
Lake Martel and the Underground Concert
Lake Martel measures approximately 177 meters in length and 40 meters wide, with depths reaching up to 12 meters. The water is remarkably clear, with a temperature that remains steady at around 17 to 18 degrees Celsius throughout the year. The lake connects to the Mediterranean Sea, so its water level fluctuates slightly with the tides.
The concert experience is what truly sets Cuevas del Drach apart from other show caves. After walking through the cave chambers, visitors arrive at a natural amphitheater beside the lake. The lights dim gradually until complete darkness fills the cavern. Then, from the far end of the lake, small boats appear carrying musicians who perform classical pieces as they drift across the water. The acoustics within the cave create a resonant, almost ethereal quality to the music that many visitors describe as deeply moving.
The concert typically lasts about 10 minutes and features works by well-known composers. After the performance, visitors have the option to cross the lake by boat or walk along the shore path to the exit.
Geological Features
The caves were formed over millions of years through the dissolution of Miocene limestone by rainwater mixed with carbon dioxide. This process, known as chemical weathering, gradually carved out the chambers and passages. Once the spaces were formed, the slow dripping and flowing of mineral-rich water created the spectacular stalactites, stalagmites, columns, and flowstone formations visible today.
Some of the formations are estimated to be several hundred thousand years old. Growth rates for stalactites in this region are typically measured in fractions of a millimeter per year, which gives an idea of the immense timescales involved. The diversity of shapes is striking: some formations resemble frozen waterfalls, others look like delicate curtains, and some columns are so large they appear to support the cave ceiling itself.
Practical Visitor Information
Location
Ctra. de les Coves, s/n, 07680 Porto Cristo, Mallorca, Spain. The caves are located about 65 kilometers east of Palma de Mallorca, roughly a one-hour drive.
Opening Hours
The caves are open year-round with guided tours at fixed times. During summer (April to October), tours run more frequently. It is advisable to check the official schedule before planning your visit, as times may vary seasonally.
Getting There
By car from Palma, take the MA-15 highway east toward Manacor, then follow signs to Porto Cristo and the caves. Public buses also run from Palma and several resort towns during the tourist season. Parking is available near the entrance.
Accessibility
The tour route involves numerous steps and uneven surfaces. The path can be slippery in places. While efforts have been made to improve accessibility, the cave environment presents natural challenges for visitors with mobility difficulties.
Tips from Experienced Visitors
- Arrive at least 30 minutes before your tour time, especially in peak season, as queues can be long.
- Bring a light jacket. The cave interior stays at a constant 21 degrees Celsius with high humidity, which can feel cool after being in the Mallorcan sun.
- Photography without flash is generally permitted, but tripods are not allowed due to narrow pathways.
- The full visit lasts approximately one hour, including the concert and the optional boat ride across Lake Martel.
- Consider visiting later in the day when crowds tend to thin out. Early morning and midday tours are typically the busiest.